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The test: can the same model handle not just 30 days or 30 years, but 500 million years? I ran it. Deep-time pie: faint young Sun, LIP CO₂ pulses, continental drift approximations. No tuning .Just the physics. Result: it tracks the big swings. Hothouse → icehouse → hothouse. Permian, Cretaceous, Eocene — the extremes match…

I stopped focussing on Scotland and ran the core model blind on extreme events worldwide (withheld 1900–2025 data): Every time the model missed or deviated, I asked:“What’s the real-world thing it’s ignoring?” And the answers were always physical, local, and obvious once you looked: Like the giant Volcano in the Pacific North West. Each miss…

But then came the moment that changed everything. I flipped the signs. I took the exact same seven drivers, inverted the polarity (negative NAO became positive, weak vortex became strong, descending solar became ascending, etc.), and ran it on extreme hot, dry UK summers (CET ≥18.5 °C + England & Wales rain ≤120 mm Jun–Aug).17…